Naturland标准与欧盟有机法规的一对一比较——畜牧业
4. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 4.畜牧业 | |
The permissible stocking density (animals per hectare of farmland) is more stringent, to guarantee an even balance between fodder and the area to which their manure is applied. · 允许的放养密度(每公顷农田的动物)更为严格,以确保饲料和粪便施用面积之间的平衡。 Maximum stocking density/hectare of farmland: · 最大放养密度/公顷农田: 140 hens 140只母鸡 280 broilers 280只肉鸡 10 fattening pigs 10头肥猪 | Maximum stocking density/hectare of farmland: particularly in the critical sectors of product transformation, considerably more animals are possible – with all the ensuing problems (ground water, nitrate accumulation etc.). 每公顷农田的最大放养密度:特别是在产品转型的关键部门,可能会有更多的动物——随之而来的所有问题(地下水、硝酸盐积累等)。 The maximum limits/hectare of farmland are: · 每公顷农田的最大限制为: 230 hens (64% higher nitrogen discharge) 230只母鸡(氮排放量高出64%) 580 broilers (107% higher) 580只肉鸡(高出107%) 14 fattening pigs (40% higher) 14头肥猪(高出40%) Besides this, it is even possible for EU member states to increase the maximum number of animals allowed · 除此之外,欧盟成员国甚至有可能增加允许的最大动物数量 per hectare 每公顷 |
Laying hens: When calculating the free-range areas, only those areas are included · 蛋鸡:计算放养面积时,只包括这些面积 which the birds actually do use; 鸟类实际使用的; | All areas up to 350 m away from the stable can be taken into account 距离马厩350米以内的所有区域都可以考虑在内 when calculating the free-range 计算自由范围时 |
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consequently, any areas which are over 150 m from the stable do not count. 因此,任何距离马厩超过150米的区域都不算在内。 Outdoor access is mandatory at all times. Even in bad weather periods, access to an outdoor area is ensured, as covered outdoor areas are mandatory. · 户外通道在任何时候都是强制性的。即使在恶劣天气时期,也要确保进入室外区域,因为有盖的室外区域是强制性的。 In any one building complex max. four separated stable units à max. 3.000 laying hens are permitted. · 在任何一个建筑群中,最多允许四个独立的稳定单元,最多允许3000只蛋鸡。 One brother from each laying hen must be raised organically. 每只下蛋的母鸡中必须有一个兄弟是有机饲养的。 | areas - even if they are hardly used or not used at all. 区域——即使它们几乎没有使用或根本没有使用。 Laying hens must always have access to free-range areas, if the weather permits. In bad weather periods the animals do not have access to an outdoor area, as roofing required for this purpose is not mandatory. · 如果天气允许,蛋鸡必须始终能够进入自由放养区。在恶劣天气时期,动物无法进入室外区域,因为为此目的所需的屋顶不是强制性的。 No regulation · 无规定 No regulation · 无规定 |
Separate specific regulations for rearing of pullets, e. g. feeding with organic fodder, no coccidiostatics, chicken runs available even at this stage 饲养小母鸡有单独的具体规定,例如用有机饲料喂养,没有球虫抑制剂,即使在这个阶段也有鸡群 | No regulation · 无规定 |
Prohibition of cow trainers (electrical aids used to prevent the cows’ natural excretion behaviour) · 禁止驯牛师(用于防止奶牛自然排泄行为的电气辅助设备) | No regulation · 无规定 |
Detailed regulations for the transport of animals for slaughter, e.g. space requirements, maximum transport times 屠宰动物运输的详细规定,如空间要求、最大运输时间 and distances, etc. 以及距离等。 | No regulation · 无规定 |
5. FODDER 5.饲料 | |
Self-sufficiency with farm-grown fodder is 农场种植的饲料自给自足 to be aimed at; at least 50% of the fodder must come from the farm itself (nutrient cycle) – also in the case of pigs 目标;至少50%的饲料必须来自农场本身(营养循环)——猪也是如此 and poultry! (or from a farm which supplies fodder under a contractual agreement approved by Naturland and, in return, applies the manure from its partner’s farm to its own fodder crops). 和家禽!(或根据Naturland批准的合同协议供应饲料的农场,作为回报,将其合作伙伴农场的肥料用于自己的饲料作物)。 | In the case of pigs and poultry, only 就猪和家禽而言,仅 30% of the fodder must be grown on the farm itself or "in the same region". 30%的饲料必须种植在农场本身或“同一地区”。 |
The positive list of feed for monogastric mammals and birds (only for piglets and young poultry) which is not yet available in sufficient quantity from organic sources, is restricted to a very few, clearly defined protein feedstuffs. · 单胃哺乳动物和鸟类(仅适用于仔猪和幼禽)的积极饲料清单,尚未从有机来源获得足够数量的饲料,仅限于极少数明确定义的蛋白质饲料。 | There is no longer a positive list of conventional fodder that may be used. Consequently, any protein feedstuffs, being from vegetative or animal sources, may be used for piglets and young poultry, if they are produced and treated without · 不再有可以使用的常规饲料的正面清单。因此,任何来自植物或动物来源的蛋白质饲料,如果在不含蛋白质的情况下生产和处理,都可以用于仔猪和幼禽 the use of chemical solvents. 化学溶剂的使用。 |
Dairy and mother cows, sheep and goats: exclusive feeding with silage all year round is prohibited. In summer, green forage must be offered. This is usually covered by the mandatory grazing required by Naturland. Only in a few, justified exceptional cases an · 奶制品和母牛、绵羊和山羊:禁止全年只喂青贮饲料。夏天,必须提供绿色饲料。这通常包含在Naturland要求的强制放牧范围内。只有在少数合理的特殊情况下 exemption to mandatory grazing can be 可以豁免强制放牧 | No regulation, which means that even in summer, when fresh grass would be available, it is possible to feed the cattle silage only · 没有规定,这意味着即使在夏天,当有新鲜的草时,也可以只喂牛青贮饲料 |
prompted. In these cases, green feeding in the stable is mandatory. 提示。在这些情况下,马厩里的绿色喂养是强制性的。 | |
Concentrated feed that are in competition with food products for human consumption is limited to a maximum of 20% of the annual ration on the farm for dairy cows. 与供人类食用的食品竞争的浓缩饲料最多只能占奶牛场年口粮的20%。 | Concentrated feed use in dairy cows allowed up to 40% of the ration (even up to 50% for 3 months). 奶牛使用浓缩饲料可获得高达40%的日粮(甚至3个月可达到50%)。 |